Archibald helped GB win team pursuit gold at the past two World Championships. The 31-year-old Scot was not in the squad for the first time since 2017 but aims to be in the team at the 2028 Olympics.

Anna Morris, Josie Knight, Jess Roberts and Meg Barker qualified second fastest but were beaten by Germany in the first round, before Maddie Leech replaced Roberts as GB comfortably beat Belgium for bronze.

In the sprint events, Emma Finucane made it through to the women’s quarter-finals by beating GB team-mate Lauren Bell.

But in the deciding race at that stage with Russian Iana Burlakova, Finucane was relegated for dropping into the sprinter’s lane, knocking the two-time defending champion out of the competition.

Matt Richardson and Harry Ledingham-Horn were knocked out in the men’s keirin quarter-finals, before Dutch star Harrie Lavreysen extended his record for world titles to 18.